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Medicine is starting to acknowledge the tight coupling of mind and body, and how thoughts, emotions, and stress can trigger biochemical responses that impact health. Studies into the psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunological level (PNEI) (or mental level) allow us to better understand the pathway that carries signals which trigger specific biophysical actions. Signaling pathways at this level are responsible for the activation of T-cells, B-cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages – all of which play a critical role in immune function and each individual’s reaction to the presence of certain pathogenic, environmental, or even psycho-emotional triggers. Mounding evidence now exists in this […]

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